18650 Li-ion Battery Cell - History / Classfication / Application

Battery Overview:

According to the shape and packaging material, rechargeable Lithium Ion (Li-ion) battery is divided into three categories:

Cylindrical steel shell

Prismatic aluminum shell

Laminated aluminum plastic film polymer

Among them, cylindrical is the longest history. There are many types, such as 17490, 14650, 18650, 26650, 21700... 18650 is the most widely used.

What is 18650 Lithium Ion ( Li-ion ) battery :

The metallic cylinder measure 18mm in diameter and 65mm the length.

History of 18650 Lithium Ion battery:

Sony invented the 18650 Lithium Ion battery in 1992, which has a history of 27 years.

During these 27 years, generations of researchers have been constantly reforming materials and production processes, increasing battery capacity and discharging current.

Thanks to their hard work, now they can meet the needs of different production fields.

The internal structure of 18650 Lithium Ion battery:

18650 Lithium Ion battery is mainly consists of five parts, i.e. positive electrode, negative electrode, separator, electrolyte and cell case.

Major producing countries in the world :

The 18650 Lithium Ion battery industry has a history of about 30 years since its birth in the early 1990s. The industry has been dominated by Japan and South Korea, and now by China, Japan and South Korea.

It’s gradually moving towards Chinese monopoly. Representative companies are China BYD, CATL, ATL, Japan SONY, Sanyo, Panasonic, South Korea SAMSUNG SDI, LG Chem.

Classification and Application of 18650 Lithium Ion battery :

Generally, depending on the application field, 18650 Lithium Ion battery is mainly divided into:

Consumer type

Power type

Energy storage type

These three are usually inversely proportional. High capacity battery with low power, low capacity battery with high power. As of 2019, there is not a single 18650 lithium ion battery rated above 3600mAh capacity or a 30A continuous discharging current.

If you see any 18650 battery marketed above these specs, what you are actually getting as it is absolutely certain to be false and exaggerated.

According to the cathode material, there are 4 types :

Lithium Cobalt Oxides ( LiCoO2 or LCO ), always used for mobile phone, pad, notebook, camera etc.

Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4 or LMO ) , always used for power tools, medical devices etc.

Nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium ( LiNiMnCoO2 or NMC ), always used for e-bike, medical devices, electric cars, industrial products etc.

Nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate ( LiNiCoAIO2 or NCA ), always used for Medical Devices, industrial products, Electric powertrain etc.

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